local autonomy, each governments have reformed organization and many powers for autonomy used to be shifted local government.
But in spite of these effort of decentralization at the government level, If local government faced an economic crisis, many of them say “we face lack of budget and need help from the central government.” Why this happening is appeared?
Causes of many localfinanci
1.An Abstract
This week’s reading material emphasizethe importance of fiscal decentralization.
In this case analysis we will focus on problems which hinder the progression of fiscal decentralization.
So we chose the case of house acqusition tax reduction which threatens fiscal decentralization and local autonomy.
And to help student’s understanding, we briefly introduce the current
local adminstration's present condition.
However, such local public service occur variety problems such as budget waste by inefficiency of institution. So we have to study the revitalizing about the local public service.
Looking an reinventing local government as an axis of the government innovation, it is usually discussed macroscopically. Underneath the worth of decentralization, they are
PD/NO Matrix
National organizations (NOs)
▽
financial, legal and administrative matters
Product division(PDs)
▽
development, production and global distribution
The meaning of Decentralization
Decentralization means "a relative concept of assuming of the central government and an activity to transfer authority, resources and works from government to sublevel of the organization, ore regional subunits.".
2. The reason why we decentralize
Effectiveness
Democracy - Participation
Equity
3. Presidential Commission for Decentralizat
Q. What is the local government innovation
Local administration innovation can be defined as settling a administration practice that never existed before in local administration successfully and represent the overall activity of introducing new administration practice.
That is to say organizational culture, system, work process, group composition, management technique etc.
To admin
local domestic market. Acquisition is a way of wholly owned subsidiary and specifically an M&A. By diversify its online venture and market, Amazon realizes cost economies from global sales volume and learning effects from established company to strengthen its business model.
Strategic Outsourcing
Amazon outsources some of its value chain activity to outside companies. Amazon is an online reta
❍ The Advisory Council and Board of Directors
World Vision International’'s governing body is the WVI Council. The Council provides the membership structure for the Partnership and has representatives from each of the national offices. The Council meets every three years to recommend policy to the WVI Board, sets strategy and assess whether strategic objectives have been met.
※ A
Chapter 5
5.5. What generic business model is your company pursuing? How has it formulated and implemented a set of business-level strategies to pursue this business model?
Aside from it cost-reduction strategy, Ryanair has also been able to use Porter’s generic strategies to position itself in the marketplace. Accordingly, a company positions itself by leveraging its strengths. Today, mo
Global Trend towards Protecting the Ozone Layer
Global Convention and Protocol
The Vienna Convention (for the Protection of the Ozone Layer)
The Vienna Convention is a treaty concerning the customary international law on treaties between states. It codifies some groundwork of international law trying to protect the ozone layer. The US was the one the biggest producers and consumers of